Created 2nd July, 2012
[This is NOT the Steady State Theory, which was also known as the Continuous Creation Theory]
The universe is the vast emptiness we call space. Space is infinite. Space has always been there and will always be there. Space never began and will never end. It is just an empty space. It is not contained within anything and it is not expanding. It is just an empty space.
The contents of space, energy and matter, were not created in a one-off Big Bang. Since space has always been there it is certain that there has never been a time when there was no energy or matter. The process of creation can start anywhere at any time, can continue for any period of time and can stop at any time.
It is estimated that there are two earthquakes every minute.
There are more than 1,500 active volcanoes on the Earth and around 20 to 30 of these are erupting at any one time.
A constant pressure is required to pump lava continuously through outlets all over the planet.
This constant pressure must be caused by the replacement of the lava that is being ejected.
If the ejected lava is being replaced then new material must be created inside the planet.
Matter is continually created at the centre of the planet. The pressure caused by this creation pushes the matter that is already there towards the surface. Where there are openings at the surface volcanoes are formed. Where there are no openings earthquakes occur or the land is gradually raised to form mountains.
All stars and planets are, or were, growing from the inside by the creation of matter at their cores.
If these statements are correct then the Big Bang Theory and Plate Tectonics are wrong.
The first picure taken by the James Webb Space Telescope purports to show that part of space as it was 13.1 billion years ago.
The Big Bang Theory estimates the age of the universe as between 10 and 15 billion years old. The accepted age of the universe has been agreed as 13.77 billion years old.
The star HD 140283 or Methuselah has an estimated age of 14.46 billion years old.
These figures should give the diameter of the expanding universe as between 27.54 billion light years and 28.92 billion light years.
The accepted diameter of the expanding universe is 92 billion light years!
On August 1, 2022, one week after the first picture taken by the James Webb Space Telescope, it was announced that astronomers had spotted what they think is the farthest galaxy ever seen. The galaxy, named CEERS-93316, was pictured as it existed just 235 million years after the Big Bang. This would make it just over 13 billion years old.
The astronomers state that CEERS-93316 is 35 billion light years away!
On August 6, 2022, it was announced that the James Webb Space Telescope had spotted one of the oldest galaxies ever seen. The galaxy was pictured as it existed about 290 million years after the Big Bang. Scientists say that if such an object formed so early in the universe, it would suggest that galaxies started forming earlier in the universe than we had realised.
No kidding! Fiction CAN be fun!
On August 26, 2022, Joel Achenbach of the Washington Post said - "Astronomers are scratching their heads because the very distant universe looks a little different than expected". "The first scientific results have emerged in recent weeks, and what the telescope has seen in deepest space is a little puzzling. Some of those distant galaxies are strikingly massive. A general assumption had been that early galaxies - that formed not long after the first stars ignited - would be relatively small and mishapen. Instead, some of them are big, bright and nicely structured".
Garth Illingworth, an astronomer at the University of California at Santa Cruz, said of the massive early galaxies - "How do you do this in the universe at such an early time? How do you form so many stars so quickly?"
Astronomer Dan Coe of the Space Telescope Science Institute is surprised by the number of nicely shaped, disklike galaxies. He said - "We thought the early universe was this chaotic place where there's all these clumps of star formation, and things are all a-jumble".
Joel Achenbach of the Washington Post continues - "That assumption about the early universe was due in part to observations by the Hubble Space Telescope, which revealed clumpy, irregularly shaped early galaxies. But Hubble observes in a relatively narrow portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, including 'visible' light. Webb observes in the infrared, gathering light outside the range of Hubble. With Hubble, Coe said, 'We were missing all the colder stars and the older stars. We were really only seeing the hot young ones'. The easiest explanation for those surprisingly massive galaxies is that, at least for some of them, there's been a miscalculation - perhaps due to a trick of light. The distant galaxies are very red. They are, in astronomical lingo, 'redshifted'. The wavelengths of light from these objects have been stretched by the expansion of the universe. The ones that look the reddest - that have the highest redshift - are presumed to be the farthest away.
But dust can be throwing off the calculations. Dust can absorb blue light and redden the object. It could be that some of these very distant, highly red-shifted galaxies are just very dusty, and not actually as far away (and as 'young') as they appear. That would realign the observations with what astronomers expected. Or some other explanation could surface".
Apparently any explanation will do other than the obvious explanation. The Big Bang Theory is wrong and unscientific.
This theory is the equivalent of the 'Flat Earth Society' that lasted for over 300 years. It is responsible for all todays bad science and the sooner it is consigned to the scrapheap the better.
This theory states that the continental land masses move about the surface of the planet.
This is known as Continental Drift. Although now generally accepted, when it was first proposed the general understanding of the mantle at the time was that it was far too resistant to allow continents to drift through it like ships on the sea.
Earthquakes are caused by continents that drift around the globe with unstoppable momentum. Sometimes they they get stuck or they may slip suddenly and the ground shakes with an earthquake.
Sometimes continents collide head-on. When an irresistable force hits an object as immovable as a continent then mountain ranges are formed and the crumple zone can extend for hundreds of miles.
Volcanoes of the explosive kind occur above subducting plates. Volcanoes with long, wide lava flows are caused by rising mantle rocks that begin to melt deep beneath the surface.
Seafloor Spreading creates new crust. Subduction destroys old crust. The two forces roughly balance each other, so the shape and diameter of the Earth remains constant.
How is this accepted as science!
This hypothesis theorises that the Earth was originally smaller and expanded to what it is now. The basis for saying this is the observation that if one takes the dry land masses and rearranges them onto a smaller sphere, where the area is equal to the sum area of those land masses, the land appears to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is one long undersea volcano stretching thousands of miles and emerging above sea level in Iceland. This split in the Earth's crust travels the length of the north and south atlantic and is the reason why Africa and Europe are moving east, and north and south America are moving west. The sea floor is spreading apart along its entire length, caused by the continuous eruption of lava that forces each side apart. The Atlantic Ocean is growing wider at a rate of about 1.5 inches a year.
In 1962 Harry Hess dated the rocks of the Atlantic seabed from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge outwards to the coast of North America. He discovered that the newest rocks were at the centre near Iceland and the oldest were on the American coast.
This would seem to show that the Earth is growing, but since no plausible mechanism for this Expanding Earth Hypothesis could be found, it was officially abandoned in the sixties in favour of Plate Tectonics.
Here's a plausible explanation. All stars and planets are or were growing from the inside by the creation of matter at their cores.
Insight Mars Lander
This mission launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, on May 5, 2018, at 04.05 Pacific Daylight Time, 12.05 British Summer Time. The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander was set to land on the Martian surface on November 26, 2018, where it would measure seismic activity, both near the surface and deep inside the core of Mars. The main instrument on board is a seismometer known as SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure).
It is generally thought that it has been millions of years since a volcano last erupted on Mars. If this is true then the InSight lander will detect no seismic activity on Mars. This will mean that Mars is no longer growing from the inside by the creation of matter at its core and is a 'dead' planet.
Super Eruptions, Craters and Calderas
On September 15, 2021, NASA announced that scientists had found evidence that a region of northern Mars, called Arabia Terra, had experienced thousands of super eruptions, the biggest volcanic eruptions known, over a five hundred million year period.
In a paper published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters in July 2021, scientists estimated that over a five hundred million year period, about four billion years ago, these explosions tore through the Martian surface, spewing water vapour, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere. Each super eruption would have blasted the equivalent of four hundred million Olympic-sized swimming pools of molten rock through the surface and spread a thick blanket of ash over an area stretching thousands of miles from the eruption site. Volcanoes of this magnitude collapse into giant holes called calderas. Calderas, which also exist on Earth, can be dozens of miles wide. Seven calderas in Arabia Terra were the first evidence that the region may once have hosted volcanoes capable of super eruptions.
In a 2013 study, scientists first proposed that what were thought to be asteroid impacts on the Martian surface, were in fact volcanic calderas. They noticed that they weren't perfectly round like craters, and they had some signs of collapse, such as very deep floors and benches of rocks near the walls.
Jacob A Richardson, a geologist at NASA Goddard, said - 'People are going to read our paper and go, "How? How could Mars do that? How can such a tiny planet melt enough rock to power thousands of super eruptions in one location?'
In fact Mars wasn't melting anything, but was growing from the inside by the creation of matter at its core. This creation of matter has now stopped and Mars is a dead planet.
All bodies in a vacuum fall with equal velocity.
Solar light causes barometric pressure.
The Perseid meteor shower peaks every year on the 12th of August. This means it is located in one place.
If these statements are correct then the Law of Gravity is invalid.
In an experiment on the International Space Station involving the pouring of water into mid-air in a weightless environment, the water formed itself into a perfect sphere. There is a universal pressure that pushes in all directions simultaneously which is responsible for the spherical shape of the water and of all heavenly bodies. It is also responsible for holding the atmosphere around the Earth.
This universal pressure acts in the same way as water. If you release any gas underwater, as it rises to the surface it forms perfectly spherical bubbles.
The fact that things are weightless inside the International Space Station, which has an atmosphere, means that a vacuum isn't necessary for weightlessness, the universal pressure being able to penetrate the wall of the spacecraft. There must be a limit to the depth of matter that the universal pressure can penetrate because when a meteor comes too close to the Earth, the planet blocks the force in its direction and allows the force on the other side of the meteor to push it towards its surface. If the maximun depth of matter that the universal force can penetrate was known then it would be possible to block the force on one side of the spacecraft to create an artificial gravity.
A well known experiment involves filling a glass with water, covering the glass and water with a piece of paper and inverting the glass whilst holding the paper in place. When the paper is released it remains attached to the glass and the water remains in the glass. This is caused by the pressure of the atmosphere pushing upwards and holding the paper in place. If gravity is simply 'matter attracting matter' then the paper and water will fall to the ground because the pull of gravity is the same for the paper, the water and the atmosphere. The atmosphere can only exert a pressure on the paper if the atmosphere itself is subject to a pressure pushing it towards the ground.
Tides are caused by the pressure of sunlight on the sea at the equator.
The Sun travels from east to west. Its journey around the equator is:
From the coast of Somalia to the coast of Gabon, across the African continent. Directly north of this line is the Mediterranean Sea which has no tides.
From the coast of Gabon to directly south of Dakar, Senegal, in the Atlantic Ocean. This causes high tidal range on the opposite coast of Brazil.
From directly south of Dakar, Senegal, in the Atlantic Ocean, to the coast of Brazil. This causes high tidal range at the south of Argentina and Chile, and the coast of the British Antarctic Territory. To the north it causes high tidal range from the coast of Morocco up to Scotland, then from Iceland and Greenland to the east coast of Canada.
From the coast of Brazil to the coast of Ecuador, across the South American continent. Directly north of this line are the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean which have no tides.
From the coast of Ecuador, across the Pacific Ocean to just north of the Solomon Islands. This causes high tidal range at the west coast of Canada and the south coast of Alaska.
From just north of the Solomon Islands to Sumatra. This causes high tidal range at the east coast of Russia and the west coast of New Zealand.
From Sumatra across the Indian Ocean to the coast of Somalia. This causes high tidal range along the coasts of Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique, the west coast of Madagascar, and the north west coast of Western Australia.
This mission launched from Space Launch Complex 37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida on August 12, 2018, at 03.31 Eastern Daylight Time. 08.31 British Summer Time. The Parker Solar Probe lifted off on a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy Rocket on its way to the Sun, where it will attempt to expand our knowledge of the corona and the Solar Wind.
The Solar Wind is the electromagnetic radiation emanating from the Sun. When it reaches the atmosphere it is converted into light, which causes barometric pressure. This is a force of repulsion, while the magnetic centre of the Solar System is a force of attraction. As the Parker Solar Probe nears the Sun I expect it to be pushed away by the electromagnetic radiation and attracted by the magnetic centre.
The current theory of planet formation is Accretion and Differentiation. Random rocks in space come together. Heat builds up inside as it grows. Elements melt. Heavy elements sink and light elements rise to form core, mantle and crust. The liquid layers allow the continental plates to move around. Liquid magma bubbles up from volcanoes and covers what was there before.
Firstly, matter does NOT attract matter, so accretion of rocks in space will not happen. If it did the Asteroid Belt and the rings of Saturn would have started to form planets long ago.
Secondly, if the elements have settled into layers according to how heavy or light they are, what is the force that is pushing the liquid magma out of the volcanoes?
If a rotor is turned in a magnetic field formed by a magnet, a flow of electrons is created which moves along the surface of the conductor. If the generator is enclosed in an airtight container the same flow of electrons is created but the atmospheric pressure remains the same. The electron is deformed magnetic space propogated as a wave. Parallel streams of electrons directed onto photographic plates produce defractive images which appear as concentric rings. This shows that the electron is a wave.
If the electron is a particle, all its intrinsic energy is of no use to it unless there is an exterior force to impart acceleration to its mass. As a wave the electron perpetuates its vibration without losing its wave structure, which can move through a field or remain stationary within it. The electron is a stationary wave within an atom. As a wave the electron appears at all points in its orbit ubiquitously.
If these statements are correct then Planck's theory is invalid.
Light travels at a speed of 186,282 miles per second. When light enters water, a denser medium, its speed is reduced to 139,851 miles per second. Light travels from the sun through the vacuum of space. When light reaches the Earth's atmosphere, a denser medium, its speed is reduced to 186,282 miles per second. Light travels faster than 186,282 miles per second in a vacuum.
If these statements are correct then Einstein's Theory of Relativity is invalid.
Thought experiment to show that it is possible to travel faster than the speed of light.
Imagine a machine in space that is attached by an extendable cable to a metal ball. The machine spins on its axis exactly once every second. The cable can be let out to any length and the metal ball will orbit the machine exactly once every second. If the cable is let out 29,647 miles, the length of the orbit will be 186,278 miles and the metal ball will be travelling at just under the speed of light. If the cable is let out one extra mile to 29,648 miles, the length of the orbit will be 186,284 miles and the metal ball will be travelling faster than light.
There is no law of physics that can stop this.
It should be pointed out here that 186,282 miles per second is the speed of visible light and light is only visible at this speed in the atmosphere. Either light moves instantaneously in a vacuum or sight is independent of light, as it is certain that we are seeing the stars as they are now and not at different times in the past. Time is a method devised by man and is based on circular motion. Time as a tangible entity does not exist, so you can't look backwards into it and you certainly can't travel through it. The 'going back in time and killing your grandfather before your father was born' scenario is plenty enough to disprove this.
A radiometer consists of a glass bulb surrounding a central vertical spine to which is attached a revolving horizontal cross formation. Attached to the four ends of the cross are vertical vanes painted black on one side and white on the other. The atmospheric pressure in the bulb is low. When sunlight is absorbed by the black faces of the vanes the difference in potential causes the horizontal cross formation to rotate on its axis.
Parachutists who jump from very high altitudes go into violent spins which they are only able to control when they reach the denser layers of the atmosphere.
The upper layer of the Earth's atmosphere is of low pressure extending almost to a vacuum. The Earth, with one hemisphere in sunlight and the other in darkness, is subject to a binary potential difference and turns about its axis.
The Earth does not orbit the Sun, rather it and the Sun both orbit the magnetic centre of the solar system. Matter does not attract matter but a magnetic field does attract matter. Light repels magnetic fields and causes barometric pressure. The Earth is simultaneously attracted by the magnetic centre of the solar system and repelled by the light of the Sun. Its orbit is partly the result of the balance between these forces of attraction and repulsion. The Earth orbits at right angles to the forces of attraction and repulsion, and during one orbit slows down twice and speeds up twice. Its movement at right angles is a consequence of its axial rotation and the extent of its gaseous covering. The Earth's gaseous covering consists of the atmosphere plus the ether. The ether does not permeate the whole universe but is a type of matter which exists around planets. In Latin it means 'the upper, pure bright air' and in ancient Greek it means 'upper air'. The etheric covering acts as a fulcrum allowing the Earth to move in its orbit just as a wheel moves along the ground.
The solid mass plus the atmosphere plus the ether are the constituent parts of the Earth. The radius of the Earth to the edge of the ether can be determined by multiplying the radius of the solid mass by its speed in orbit and dividing by its speed of rotation. The radius of the solid mass is 3,985 miles, its speed in orbit is 66,250 mph and its speed of rotation is 1,040 mph.
3,985 x 66,250 divided by 1,040.
264,006,250 divided by 1,040 = 253,852 miles.
The ether extends 253,852 - 3,985 = 249,867 miles from the surface of the Earth.
The Moon's average distance from the Earth is 238,855 miles.
The Moon neither spins on its axis nor orbits the Earth. The Moon's average distance from the Earth of 238,855 miles is just within the etheric covering of 249,867 miles and its movement in space is caused by the effect, at a distance, of the Earth's movement. The speed of the Earth's rotation produces an angular velocity on the Moon of almost one twenty-eighth. The Moon is dragged around the Earth and consequently always shows us the same 'man in the moon' face. It is not in a captured rotation because it is not rotating.
The space probes, Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11, launched from Cape Canaveral on March 2, 1972 and April 5, 1973 respectively, are BOTH drifting off course. Every year of travel they BOTH deviate 8,000 miles from their intended trajectory. To account for this it was suggested that 'Dark Matter' was pulling them off course. The latest theory suggests that 'Photon Pressure' is pushing on the probes causing them to slow down.
Dark Matter does not exist and Photon Pressure, which causes the tides, goes against the accepted Law of Gravity, as it would mean that the sun pushes and pulls at the same time!
The Pioneer probes are being attracted by an unknown magnetic field.
Man has been to the International Space Station and no farther.
NASA astronaut Don Pettit, said, -"I'd go to the Moon in a nanosecond, but the problem is we don't have the technology to do that anymore. We used to but we destroyed that technology and it's a painful process to build it back again".
I find it very hard to believe that NASA destroyed all the technology gained from the Apollo missions. The only possible explanation for Don Pettit's statement is that NASA never had the technology to send man to the moon, as evidenced by the fact that man has not returned to the moon in the last fifty years.
NASA engineer Kelly Smith, working on navigation and guidance for the Orion program, said, - "We are headed 3600 miles above Earth. Fifteen times higher from the planet than the International Space Station. As we get further away from Earth, we'll pass through the Van Allen Belts, an area of dangerous radiation. Radiation like this can harm the guidance systems, on-board computers, or other electronics on Orion. Naturally, we have to pass through this danger zone twice, once up and once back. But Orion has protection. Shielding will be put to the test as the vehicle cuts through the waves of radiation. Sensors aboard will record radiation levels for scientists to study. We must solve these challenges before we send people through this region of space".
Strange that during the whole of the Apollo missions no harm befell the guidance systems, the on-board computers, or other electronics. More importantly, none of the astronauts suffered any kind of radiation sickness. If passing through the Van Allen Belts was such a doddle fifty years ago, why is NASA so worried about it now?
There is no sound in a vacuum
If I speak to you, the vibration of my larynx, or voice-box, causes the air between us to vibrate. The vibrating air causes your eardrum to vibrate, and you can hear what I am saying.
If you place a ringing bell in an airtight glass jar and gradually pump the air out, the sound of the bell will gradually diminish. When all the air has been pumped out, you will see the bell ringing but you will not hear it. Sound waves do not travel in a vacuum.
On the Apollo 12 mission to the Moon, Alan Bean is shown hammering a core tube into the Moon's surface with a metal hammer. The hammering is clearly heard on the film.
On the Apollo 15 mission to the Moon, the sound of hammering by David Scott is explained away in the official record as follows :-
"The sound of two very hard hammer blows, transmitted through Dave's gloves, into the suit, and to his microphone, can be heard between his grunts".
On the Apollo 17 mission to the Moon, the sound of hammering by Gene Cernan is explained away in the official record as follows :-
"What seems likely is that, when Gene hits the rock, the hammer rebounds against the palm of the pressurized glove, creating a sound wave in the suit loud enough to be picked up by the microphone at Gene's lips. In brief, the suit acts like a drum".
On www.nasa.gov there was a web page for children called Lunar Science for Kids. The answer to the question 'Is there any sound on the Moon?' contradicts the evidence on the film :-
"Sound needs something to travel through to get from one place to another. On the Moon, since there is no air, sound cannot travel above the surface. So, there are no sounds on the surface of the Moon. When the Apollo astronauts were out on the Moon's surface, they could only talk to each other, and to mission control, by using the radios in their air filled helmets. Even when the astronaut in the photo to the right, hit a metal tube into the ground with a hammer, no sound was made".
(The film to the right is of Alan Bean hammering the core tube during the Apollo 12 mission. The hammering is clearly heard on the film)
When the contradiction was pointed out, NASA removed this page from the internet.
NASA astronauts Piers Sellers and Mike Massimino have both spent time on the International Space Station. This is what they have to say about sound in space :-
Piers Sellers - "Sounds in space - it's odd to have a hammer or a metal tool and bang it against something and hear absolutely nothing".
Mike Massimino - "In space, since there is no atmosphere, there's no air, you bang on something when you're doing your spacewalk, you'll not be able to hear that".
If the noise of hammering travels through a spacesuit to the microphone in the helmet, then both Piers Sellers and Mike Massimino would have heard it.
There are no instances of the sound of banging being transmitted through a spacesuit to the microphone during any of the spacewalks on the International Space Station.
On August 6, 2022, scientists announced that the sun was getting farther away from the Earth. This, they say, is caused by the sun losing mass.
Brian DiGiorgio, an astronomer at the University of California, Santa Cruz, said in an email to Live Science - "The nuclear fusion reactions that power the sun convert mass to energy, following Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2. Because the sun is constantly producing energy, it's also steadily losing mass".
More fiction! More fun!
A sun will not emit any light unless it enters a secondary magnetic field.
On entering a secondary magnetic field, a sun will start to rotate and generate currents which will give rise to its brilliance.
The Sun, which orbits the magnetic centre of the solar system, is rotating and generating electromagnetic radiation.
A sun that emits no light is not rotating in a secondary magnetic field and so will appear black. Black Dwarfs and Black Holes are such suns.
It is wrong to say that light cannot escape from a Black Hole. No light is escaping because no light is being generated. As soon as this body enters a secondary magnetic field it will start to generate light.
"Scientists and Astronomers have been left baffled after a strange phenomenon appeared to see a supermassive black hole 'burp' up a star that it had swallowed three years before. In 2018, the star in question was witnessed by scientists getting sucked into a black hole after it got too close - a phenomenon that is not uncommon. The small star in a galaxy 665 million light years away was considered to be all but gone until June 2021, when astronomers were taken 'completely by surprise' when the black hole began to exude stellar matter making it glow. Since the black hole hadn't consumed anything else since the star in 2018, scientists studying the unusual phenomenon have determined that it must have been 'burping' out material from the star it consumed three years prior. Yvette Cendes, the study's lead author said: 'This caught us completely by surprise - no one has ever seen anything like this before.' Cendes explained: 'It's as if this black hole has started abruptly burping out a bunch of material from the star it ate years ago.' Harvard University astronomy professor, Edo Burger, co-authored the study and explained that while it's not uncommon for stellar matter to be emited by black holes while consuming a star, the fact it took three years, in this case, makes it notable. He wrote: 'But in AT2018hyz [the black hole being studied] there was radio silence for the first three years, and now it's dramatically lit up to become one of the most radio luminous tidal disruption events [TDEs] ever observed'. The speed at which the material is being emitted from the black hole is also unusual as typically it travels at 10 per cent of the speed of light, as opposed to 50 per cent in this case". [Astrophysical Journal, October 2022]
This would appear to be a star that is orbiting a supermassive star. The supermassive star is not rotating in a secondary magnetic field so is not generating electromagnetic radiation. The orbiting star, which is rotating in a secondary magnetic field, went behind the supermassive star in 2018 and reappeared in 2021.
In 2023 Channel 5 showed "Secrets of our Universe with Tim Peake". In episode one, "The Planets", Tim Peake visits the Royal Observatory at Greenwich in London. The following is verbatim:
Peake - "I'm here to meet someone who knows a thing or two about Jupiter, Dr Dominic Walliman"
Walliman - "Welcome to planet Jupiter. It's like a marbled gassy world made from the same stuff as our sun"
Peake - "So, if it's made from the same stuff as our sun, how come it's not on fire?"
Walliman - Yeah, well it's ten times smaller than the sun, so there's not enough stuff there to ignite and burn like a star"
Jupiter and all the stars in the universe lack atmospheres that contain oxygen. How can they ignite and burn?
Copyright © 2012-2024 James R Hardiman